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  History of Machu Picchu - The...

  Kelly Mass

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  Machu Picchu, one of the most iconic symbols of Inca civilization, is a 15th-century fortress perched high on a mountain crest in southern Peru's Eastern Cordillera. Sitting at an altitude of 2,430 meters (7,970 feet), it is located 80 kilometers (50 miles) northwest of Cusco, within the Machupicchu District of Urubamba Province. The fortress overlooks the Sacred Valley, and the Urubamba River winds through the valley below, cutting through the Cordillera and forming a tropical mountain canyon. This stunning geographical setting has made Machu Picchu one of the most visited and revered archaeological sites in the world. 
  Unlike the Mayans, the Incas had no written language, and thus, no records of the site existed during its operation. The first Europeans to visit Machu Picchu did so only in the 19th century, and as a result, much of its history remained shrouded in mystery. Modern archaeologists, relying on tangible evidence such as graves and structural remains, have attributed names and proposed functions for the buildings, but much of the site’s exact purpose remains speculative. 
  Most contemporary archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as a royal estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti, who ruled from 1438 to 1472. Constructed in 1450, the site functioned as a private residence for the emperor and his court. Over time, Machu Picchu became the most well-known image of Inca civilization and is often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas." However, the estate was abandoned in the early 16th century, following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Recent radiocarbon dating indicates that the site was occupied from around 1420 to 1532.

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  The Homefront Heroes - Everyday...

  Sage Winters

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  The term "homefront" often evokes images of soldiers in trenches or aircraft soaring across the skies, but it is also a powerful representation of the unseen sacrifices and contributions made by civilians during times of war. During World War II, the homefront became an essential element in the overall war effort, with civilians across the world playing critical roles in supporting the troops and maintaining the stability of their countries. The efforts of everyday people—often invisible and uncelebrated—were foundational to both the immediate success of the war and the longer-term impact on society. This chapter delves into the importance of the homefront during WWII, exploring the diverse contributions of civilians, and highlighting how they collectively displayed a resilience that was vital for the war’s outcome. 
    
  World War II was not just fought on foreign battlefields—it was waged in factories, schools, hospitals, and even neighborhoods. The efforts of civilians extended well beyond the provision of material goods. They also contributed by keeping national spirits high through solidarity and patriotism, showing an unyielding dedication to the cause despite the challenges at home. The mobilization of the homefront became a key factor in the Allied victory, and it transformed daily life in ways that would endure long after the war ended. 
    
  Women, for instance, took on roles that had traditionally been reserved for men, stepping into factories, shipyards, and offices, proving their capacity to contribute to industries critical to the war effort. At the same time, families managed with rationing and shortages while simultaneously participating in drives for scrap metal, rubber, and other materials that could be recycled for wartime use. Even children contributed in their own ways, collecting tin cans and engaging in other activities designed to support the war effort.

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  America in World War II - From...

  Liam Dale

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  Join The History Journals on an hourly history tour of this pivotal era, focusing on America's entry into the war. 
   
  While World War I was once called the "war to end all wars," it wasn't long before America's young men found themselves thrust into another global conflict. On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor changed the course of history. America, previously on the sidelines, now stood shoulder to shoulder with the Allies in the fight against Hitler and the Axis powers. 
   
  Explore America's journey into World War II, uncovering the remarkable courage and bravery displayed by Americans on both domestic and foreign fronts. Learn about Hollywood's role in the war effort, the contributions of American women in factories, and the paths taken by American troops who played a pivotal role in making the world safer for future generations. 
   
  Embark on this compelling exploration of America's involvement in World War II, a turning point in history.

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  The Egyptian Wisdom in Other...

  Gerald Massey

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  When the word Sheol in the Old Testament is rendered in English by “the grave,” it is inadequate times out of number. The Hebrew writers were not always speaking or thinking of the grave when they wrote of Sheol, which has to be bottomed in Amenta, the divine nether-earth, not simply in the tomb. The grave is not identical with hell, nor the pit-hole with the bottomless pit. The pangs and sorrows of Sheol, like the purging pangs of the Romish purgatory, have to be studied in the Egyptian Ritual. –from “Egyptian Wisdom in other Jewish Writings” It goes unappreciated by modern Egyptologists, but it is embraced by those who savor the concept of a “hidden history” of humanity, and those who approach all human knowledge from the perspective of the esoteric. Gerard Massey’s massive Ancient Egypt: The Light of the World–first published in 1907 and the crowning achievement of the self-taught scholar–redefines the roots of Christianity via Egypt, proposing that Egyptian mythology was the basis for Jewish and Christian beliefs. Here, Cosimo proudly presents Book 8 of Ancient Egypt, in which Massey connects the stories of the Egyptians with the tales and lessons of the Hebrew prophets, likening David to Osiris and the “King of Glory” and “Lord of Hosts”–that is, Yahweh–to the sun-god of astronomical mythology. With similar symbology of flocks and shepherds, light and darkness, and immortality in an afterlife, it is impossible, Massey argues, not to see deep connections to and influences of Egyptian wisdom in that of the Hebrews. Peculiar and profound, this work will intrigue and delight readers of history, religion, and mythology. British author GERALD MASSEY (1828-1907) published works of poetry, spiritualism, Shakespearean criticism, and theology, but his best-known works are in the realm of Egyptology, including A Book of the Beginnings and The Natural Genesis.

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  Love Auntie - Parables and...

  Shantell Hinton Hill

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  Embrace a faith that makes room for all of us. Where can we go when the world refuses to see us in our fullness? When culture reduces us to categories and stereotypes and even our churches make us feel like we don’t fit in? If we’re blessed to have an Auntie—someone who, like Jesus, welcomes us wholly and calls us beloved—then we have glimpsed the liberation and divine affirmation of sacred belonging. ​ Time and again, Aunties have offered a model for undoing, becoming, and embracing our identities and deepest beliefs. Auntie culture, particularly in Black spaces, is immediately recognizable as an embodied experience where nieces, nephews, and “niblings” feel safe, heard, and seen. Whether we are biological or simply beloved kin, Aunties welcome us in. ​ In Love, Auntie, Shantell Hinton Hill—aka Reverend Auntie—offers tender testimonies to a flock of loved ones who have been led to believe they do not belong. Through modern-day parables, prayers, and prompts for reflection, she invites readers to sit alongside the wisdom-bearing of Black women, lovingly known as Aunties, as they carve out space for doubts, questions, and spiritual expression that honor intersecting identities of race, gender, and class. Because trust and believe, Aunties always know how to turn mess into miracles.

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  Where You'll Find Me - Risk...

  Ty Gagne

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  On February 15, 2015, Kate Matrosova, an avid mountaineer, set off before sunrise for a traverse of the Northern Presidential Range in New Hampshire's White Mountains. Late the following day, rescuers carried her frozen body out of the mountains amid some of the worst weather ever recorded on these deceptively rugged slopes. 
   
   
   
  At thirty-two, Matrosova was ultra-fit and healthy and had already summited much larger mountains on several continents. Her gear included a rescue beacon and a satellite phone. Yet, despite their best efforts, more than forty expert search and rescue personnel, a New Hampshire Army National Guard Blackhawk helicopter, and a Civil Air Patrol Cessna airplane could not reach her in time to save her. 
   
   
   
  What went wrong? 
   
   
   
  Where You'll Find Me offers possible answers to that question, demonstrating why Matrosova's story—what we know and what we will never know—represents such an intriguing and informative case study in risk analysis and decision-making.

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