Altri libri che potrebbero interessarti

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  Napoleon’s Escape from the...

  Editors Charles River

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  In addition to being unable to be reinforced or supplied by sea, Napoleon's ambitions to establish a permanent presence in Egypt were further frustrated by a number of uprisings. Early in 1799, Napoleon advanced against France’s erstwhile enemy, the Ottoman Empire, invading modern Syria (then the province of Damascus) and conquering the cities of Gaza, Jaffa, Arish and Haifa. However, with the plague running rampant through his army and his lines of supply from Egypt stretched dangerously thin, Napoleon was unable to destroy the fortified city of Acre and was forced to retreat. The retreat cost him almost all of his wounded as, harassed by enemy forces, he was forced to abandon most of his casualties to the Ottomans’ mercy, or lack thereof. Most of the wounded were tortured and beheaded. 
  	Napoleon harbored all kinds of delusions about his time in Egypt that were not based in reality, but he definitely left a lasting legacy in the region, one he would never live to see or appreciate. By shifting the theater of operations to Africa and the Middle East, Napoleon inadvertently ensured the Europeans would fight there in the future, and the French occupation impressed upon the locals the necessity of catching up to the modern world in terms of technology. Ancient tactics could not prevail against a modern army, no matter the numbers, but while that was a lesson Napoleon consistently taught his enemies in Egypt and the Levant to their detriment, the French also sped up the occupied populations’ technological advances as well. Perhaps more importantly, the Egyptian Scientific Institute introduced numerous modern innovations, perhaps most importantly the printing press, which in turn encouraged literacy. This brought about the emergence of nationalism and liberalism, leading eventually to the establishment of Egyptian independence and modernization under the rule of Muhammad Ali Pasha in the first half of the 19th century.

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  Sipahi The: The History and...

  Editors Charles River

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  Among those who were responsible for the projection of Ottoman power, few deserve as much credit as the Sipahi. Civilizations across the steppes and the Middle East relied heavily on cavalry, and the Sipahi were elite cavalry units during medieval times for a couple of powers. That said, they were a massive contributor to the success of Ottoman warfare, and during good times for the empire, the Sipahi were rewarded, to the extent that they became their own social class, much like the Janissaries. In fact, much the way the Janissaries became less effective over time as being one denoted social status, the Sipahi and Janissaries had class resentments among each other, one of the various cracks in the Ottoman Empire that would help bring about its decline.  
  	As a result, the Sipahi’s private lives in the Ottoman Empire were varied and complex, depending on their social status, wealth, education, and religion. Their homes were often luxuriously decorated, and they were usually portrayed as highly-educated and sophisticated people. The Sipahi frequently had several wives and concubines, and their houses were equipped to accommodate their many guests. They had harems, where they kept their concubines and slaves, and the maintenance of their harems was important for each Sipahi's reputation and status. Their wives and concubines were often confined to the harem, and they did not have much freedom, but in some cases, especially in wealthier families, the women were educated and had an active social life. Furthermore, the Sipahi were often involved in art, music, and writing poetry. They had castles and villas they used for parties and social events, and they were also known for organizing hunts and other sporting activities. Many of them were also highly educated and engaged in the sciences, such as mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy.

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  Stop Overthinking: Find Clarity...

  Laura Bennett

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  **PDF of Book Included** 
  If you've always wanted to quiet your racing thoughts and make decisions with confidence but find yourself stuck in an endless loop of overthinking, then keep reading… 
  Are you sick and tired of anxiety and indecision ruling your life? 
  Have you tried endless other solutions but nothing seems to work for more than a few weeks? 
  Do you finally want to say goodbye to sleepless nights and discover something which works for you? 
  If so, then you've come to the right place. 
  You see, finding mental clarity and calm doesn't have to be difficult. 
  Even if you've tried everything, you can achieve mental clarity without spending years in therapy or mastering complex meditation techniques. 
  Here's just a tiny fraction of what you'll discover:The 7 ways to instantly calm your racing mindWhy trying to suppress your thoughts is actually making your overthinking worse – and what to do insteadHow to make confident decisions without second-guessing yourself5 harmful myths about anxiety that are keeping you stuckHow to save hours of mental energy with just one simple change in your daily routineA cool trick used by top CEOs to clear mental fog and boost productivityThe 3 best mindfulness exercises to help you on your journey to mental clarity 
  …and much, much more! 
  Take a second to imagine how you'll feel once you can silence the mental chatter, and how your life will change when you're no longer paralyzed by indecision. 
  So even if you're the world's biggest overthinker, you can find peace of mind and make confident decisions with the strategies in this book. 
  And if you have a burning desire to reclaim your mental space and live a calmer, more focused life then scroll up and click "add to cart".

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  Hidden in Plain Sight - The...

  Ronan O'Connell

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  Everything you thought you knew about your favorite travel destinations? There’s so much more. 
  Curated by the relentlessly curious travel journalist and National Geographic regular contributor, Ronan O’Connell, Hidden in Plain Sight invites you on a tour of the world’s most popular landmarks showcasing the most mystifying, intriguing, and jaw-dropping stories from all the places on your bucket list. 
  You’re invited to travel to more than 20 popular landmarks, including:  Bali’s Uluwatu Temple, which overlooks a sea of demons in the Indian Ocean.The Edinburgh Castle, where a supernatural stone (most recently incorporated into King Charles’s coronation ceremony) resides.The Berlin Wall, where MLK Jr. quietly passed across its border under the dark of night.Amsterdam’s Dam Square, where tourists stroll at the spot “witches” were once burned at the stake. 
    
  Learn all the stories and marvels you wish your tour guide would tell you, all without leaving the comfort of your own home. This spectacular coffee table book is the perfect gift to give to the history lovers, globetrotters, and armchair travelers in your life.

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  Queens and Prophets - How...

  Emran Iqbal El-Badawi

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  Contrary to popular assumption, Arab women were instrumental in shaping world history. Between Rome’s intervention in the Arabian Peninsula and the Arab conquests, noblewomen ruled independently, conducting trade and making war. Their power was often celebrated as queen, priestess and goddess. With time they delegated power to the most important holy men of their age, influencing Arabian paganism, Christianity and Islam forever. 
  Empress Zenobia and queen Mavia supported bishops Paul of Samosata and Moses of Sinai. Paul was declared a heretic by the Roman church. Moses began the process of mass Arab conversion. The teachings of these men survived under their queens, setting in motion seismic debates that would fracture the early churches and lay the groundwork for the rise of Islam. In Mecca, lady Khadijah used her wealth and political influence to employ a younger man then marry him against the wishes of dissenting noblemen. Her husband, whose religious and political career was influenced by her, was the prophet Muhammad. 
  Long overdue, Queens and Prophets is a landmark exploration of the legacy of female power in late antique Arabia.

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  Consciousness - How Our Brains...

  John Parrington

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  What is the material basis of the thoughts that occur inside our heads? 
   
  Where do imaginative, creative, or spiritual thoughts come from - can these really be the product of nerve impulses in the brain? And is the human mind radically different from that of other species, or is our uniqueness more superficial than real? 
   
  In this audiobook, Oxford biologist John Parrington proposes a radical new theory of human consciousness, arguing that a qualitative leap in consciousness occurred during human evolution as language and tool use transformed our brains. Rejecting outdated views of the brain as a hard-wired circuit diagram, he draws on the latest insights from neuroscience to show that meaning is created within our heads through a dynamic interaction of oscillating brain waves. 
   
  This new model of consciousness not only provides a material basis of our innermost thoughts but also explains why the mind can sometimes go wrong, causing deep mental distress.

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