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  City Planning - Concepts and...

  Lyric Vale

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  City planning is more than just the design of roads, buildings, and parks; it is the blueprint for a society's future. The way cities are planned has a profound impact on the lives of their inhabitants, influencing everything from the air they breathe to their access to resources and opportunities. At its core, city planning seeks to create environments that are not only functional but also sustainable, inclusive, and resilient. In an era where urbanization is increasing rapidly, the importance of thoughtful city planning has never been greater. 
  The planning process involves much more than the physical layout of a city. It encompasses strategies for economic growth, social equity, environmental sustainability, and cultural preservation. A well-planned city can enhance quality of life, boost economic productivity, and provide a sense of community, while a poorly planned city can lead to overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and environmental degradation. As more people move into cities every year, urban planners are tasked with creating spaces that are not only livable but also adaptable to future needs. 
  One of the most pressing reasons for effective city planning is the growing concern over environmental issues. Cities are responsible for a significant portion of global carbon emissions, and urban sprawl has led to the depletion of natural resources. Through sustainable urban planning practices, cities can reduce their environmental footprint by promoting energy-efficient buildings, renewable energy sources, and green spaces. Additionally, proper planning can mitigate the effects of climate change, such as flooding and heat islands, by incorporating resilient infrastructure that can withstand extreme weather conditions.

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  The Mediatization of the OJ...

  Tatjana Neubauer

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  F. Scott Fitzgerald once said: »Show me a hero, and I'll write you a tragedy.« In the 1990s, nobody fell deeper than O.J. Simpson. Once considered a national treasure, the athlete was accused of brutally slaying his ex-wife Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman on June 12, 1994. Within days, the media and public developed an unprecedented obsession with the story, turning a murder investigation and trial into a sensationalized reality show. Tatjana Neubauer examines the mediatization, deliberate manipulation, and the simplification of popular criminal trials for profit on television. She demonstrates that TV conflated legal proceedings into entertainment programming by commodifying events, people, and places.

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  The Tangut Kingdom - And Its...

  Rolf Hedger

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  The Tangut people, an ethnic group of uncertain origins, gradually emerged as a distinct force in northwestern China. They are believed to have descended from the Qiang tribes, a collection of nomadic and semi-nomadic groups that roamed the Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos region. Over centuries, they migrated and settled in what is now modern-day Ningxia and parts of Gansu and Inner Mongolia, where they established communities and developed a unique cultural identity. Their position between the Tibetan Plateau, the Central Asian steppes, and the Chinese heartland made them an important intermediary in regional affairs. 
  The Tangut rise to prominence was influenced by their interactions with the dominant powers of the region. The Tibetan Empire, which controlled vast areas of western China until its decline in the ninth century, played a significant role in shaping early Tangut culture and governance. The collapse of the Tibetan Empire created a power vacuum that allowed smaller groups like the Tangut to assert their independence. At the same time, the weakening of the Tang Dynasty left northern China vulnerable to fragmentation, further enabling the Tangut to carve out a space for themselves. 
  By the tenth century, the Tangut had developed into a formidable military and political entity, leveraging their strategic location along trade routes to establish economic and diplomatic ties with neighboring states. They maintained relations with the Song Dynasty to the east, the Tibetan remnants to the south, and the nomadic Khitan Liao Empire to the north. These interactions not only enriched Tangut society but also introduced them to a variety of political models, from the bureaucratic governance of the Chinese dynasties to the tribal confederations of the steppe.

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  With Love Mommie Dearest - The...

  A. Ashley Hoff, Bruce Vilanch

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  When she died in 1977, Joan Crawford was remembered as an icon of Hollywood's Golden Age—until publication the following year of her daughter's memoir, Mommie Dearest. 
   
   
   
  Christina Crawford's book was an immediate bestseller, addressing the infrequently discussed topic of child abuse. 
   
   
   
  When Paramount Pictures released the film, starring Faye Dunaway as Crawford, it was critically panned, and remains one of the most legendary critical bombs in film history. The lavish, big-screen adaptation drew unexpected laughter in the scenes depicting life in the Crawford household. Rarely have such good intentions been met with such ridicule. 
   
   
   
  Despite this, the movie was a commercial success and remains, four decades later, immensely popular. With Love, Mommie Dearest details the writing and selling of Christina's book and the aftermath of its publication, as well as the filming of the motion picture, whose backstage drama almost surpassed what was viewed onscreen in the film. 
   
   
   
  Based on new interviews with people connected to the book and the film, Hollywood historian A. Ashley Hoff explores the phenomenon, the camp, and the very real social issues addressed by the book and film.

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  Hollywood The True Story: Bogie...

  William J. Mann

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  William J. Mann is the author of ten books, including his most recent, Bogie and Bacall: The Surprising True Story of Hollywood’s Greatest Love Affair. He won the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Fact Crime for Tinseltown: Murder, Morphine and Madness at the Dawn of Hollywood, and the Lambda Literary Award for Biography for Wisecracker: The Life and Times of William Haines. He is also the author of The Contender: The Story of Marlon Brando and Kate: The Woman Who Was Hepburn, named a Notable Book of the Year by the New York Times. He’s written for Architectural Digest, Vanity Fair, The New York Times, and many other publications. He’s appeared on CNN, Turner Movie Classics, the BBC, and various documentary series and films, including Scotty: The Secret History of Hollywood. His New York Times bestsellers include his books on Hepburn and Brando; How to Be a Movie Star: Elizabeth Taylor in Hollywood; Hello Gorgeous: Becoming Barbra Streisand; and Tinseltown. For many years, Mann was an Assistant Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University. He lives on Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

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  Empire of Ife - The Cradle of...

  Rolf Hedger

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  The origins of Ife are deeply rooted in mythology, oral traditions, and historical accounts, making it one of the most revered ancient cities in West Africa. Ife is often referred to as the cradle of the Yoruba civilization, a place where culture, religion, and governance took form. The story of its beginning is intertwined with Yoruba cosmology, particularly the legend of Oduduwa, who is considered the progenitor of the Yoruba people. 
  According to Yoruba mythology, Olodumare, the Supreme Being, entrusted Oduduwa with the sacred task of creating the earth. He descended from the heavens with a chain, a handful of earth, and a rooster. Upon reaching the watery expanse that covered the world, he spread the earth on the surface, and the rooster scattered it, forming the first landmass. This sacred land became known as Ile-Ife, meaning “The Land of Expansion.” Over time, Oduduwa and his followers established a kingdom that became the center of Yoruba civilization, laying the foundation for its political, spiritual, and artistic traditions. 
  Beyond mythology, historical and archaeological evidence suggests that Ife was already a flourishing city-state by the 9th century, possibly earlier. It grew as a hub of trade, attracting merchants and artisans from different parts of West Africa. Its strategic location allowed for the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural practices, contributing to the city’s rapid development. The city’s early rulers, often referred to as the Oonis, played a crucial role in consolidating power and maintaining the harmony between religious and political institutions. The Ooni of Ife, regarded as both a king and a divine figure, acted as the intermediary between the people and the gods, reinforcing Ife’s status as a sacred city.

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