Altri libri che potrebbero interessarti

• 

  Albigensian Crusade and Hussite...

  Editors Charles River

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

  Eastern Christians did not acknowledge the Pope's supremacy, and many Catholics felt that it was lawful for him to declare a crusade to bring schismatics back to the obedience of Rome. German knights fighting the Orthodox Russians at the Battle on the Ice in 1242 believed this, as did the Hungarian prosecutors of the 1235 invasion of Bosnia, which was thinly disguised as a crusade. The Church even extended the object of crusade to believers in communion with Rome, who refused to obey lawful authority. After peasants revolted against the Prince-Archbishop of Bremen in 1204 over tithes and land rights, Pope Gregory IX was persuaded to declare them heretics and proclaim a crusade against them, and when the “heresy” of Catharism began to take root in southeastern France toward the end of the 12th century, both Church and State considered the use of force to extirpate it. 
  If John Wycliffe was the “Morning Star of the Reformation,” Jan Hus was the Guiding Star of the movement. Hus started as a Czech priest, but he quickly became notorious for debating several Church doctrines such as the Eucharist, Church ecclesiology, and many more topics. Today, he is viewed as a predecessor of the Lutherans, but the Church viewed him as a threat, and the Catholics eventually engaged Hus’ followers (known as Hussites) in several battles in the early 15th century. Hus himself was burned at the stake in 1415, but his followers fought on in a series of battles known as the Hussite Wars, and Czechoslovakia’s inhabitants by and large remained Hussite afterward. About 100 years later, Martin Luther would spark the Reformation across the continents. 
  The Albigensian Crusade and Hussite Wars: The History of the Catholic Campaigns against Christian Minorities in Europe before the Protestant Reformation examines the origins of the Cathars and Hussites, the conflicts with Catholicism, and the results of the fighting.

  Mostra libro

• 

  49 WORDS ON MARBLE Wisdom 101 -...

  Toyin Obafemi

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

  You and every other human being were created to be in charge. When you are not in control, you are in a crisis, and this is a terrible place to be. Poverty, failed marriages, poor health, failed businesses, and addictions are just a few examples. Since we were created to be at the top of our game, we have been given the resources we require, which are nothing more than our minds. There is no energy comparable to that generated by a believing heart. As a result, here is a collection of words on marble, positive affirmations, and inspirational quotes for men and women, young and old, to assist you in releasing the untapped energy within you. 
  The way you start your day has a significant impact on what you will attract throughout the day. As a result, 49 words on marble, put before you, quotes to start your day with a positive mindset and energy. It helps you design your ideal life and boosts your self-esteem by introducing you to the "you" you haven't met yet. It leads you on the most important journey of your life: self-discovery. This gives you the strength and energy, as well as the confidence and a ready heart, to face whatever comes your way throughout the day. 
  A PDF file for 49 WORDS ON MARBLE is included as a bonus. 
  I welcome you to your greatness!

  Mostra libro

• 

  Languages of the Ancient Near...

  Editors Charles River

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

  Perhaps not surprisingly given how advanced they were in comparison to contemporaries, the Egyptians invented one of the first writing systems ever, and for centuries, people thought these ancient texts held some sort of secret, be it aliens, advanced technology lost to the world, or mystical cures for all of the world’s ills. Even the ancient Egyptians saw their writing systems as full of mystery and hidden knowledge - according to Egyptian mythology, writing was invented by the ibis-headed god Thoth, the most intellectual of the gods.  
  	Along with Egypt, the cultural and geographic region known as Mesopotamia was home to some of the world’s earliest civilizations and also the first known form of writing, cuneiform. Many different ethnic groups vied for power in ancient Mesopotamia over the course of antiquity, spanning about 3,000 years, and many of them spoke different languages. Despite these differences, the people in Mesopotamia shared many cultural attributes, including similar religious practices, a common art and architecture style, and a shared use of the cuneiform script. The languages spoken by the peoples of Mesopotamia were as diverse as the many ethnic groups, but as those groups asserted their military, economic, and cultural power over the other groups, two languages became dominant in the region: Sumerian and Akkadian.  
  	The greatest irony of the lack of primary source information about the Phoenicians is that their language and writing happened to be the most influential in antiquity, a byproduct of their voyages and colonization, which spread their language across the Mediterranean. It was the forerunner to the Greek alphabet, from which the Latin alphabet was directly derived, and thus most of the written languages of the modern West. 

  Mostra libro

• 

  State of Disaster - The Failure...

  Maria Cristina Garcia

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

  Natural disasters and the dire effects of climate change cause massive population displacements and lead to some of the most intractable political and humanitarian challenges seen today. Yet, as Maria Cristina Garcia observes in this critical history of U.S. policy on migration in the Global South, there is actually no such thing as a "climate refugee" under current U.S. law. Most initiatives intended to assist those who must migrate are flawed and ineffective from inception because they are derived from outmoded policies. In a world of climate change, U.S. refugee policy simply does not work. 
   
   
   
  Garcia focuses on Central America and the Caribbean, where natural disasters have repeatedly worsened poverty, inequality, and domestic and international political tensions. She explains that the creation of better U.S. policy for those escaping disasters is severely limited by the 1980 Refugee Act, which continues to be applied almost exclusively for reasons of persecution directly related to politics, race, religion, and identity. Garcia contends that the United States must transform its outdated migration policies to address today's realities. Climate change and natural disasters are here to stay, and much of the human devastation left in their wake is essentially a policy choice.

  Mostra libro

• 

  The Social Contract

  Jean Jacques Rousseau

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

  Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "The Social Contract" is a cornerstone of political philosophy, proposing that true sovereignty lies not with rulers, but in the general will of the people. Rousseau argues for a society where individuals enter into a collective agreement to create a government that reflects the common good, challenging the foundations of the traditional monarchy. His ideas on liberty, equality, and democracy have inspired revolutionary movements, making this work a seminal text in shaping modern political thought. Read in English, unabridged.

  Mostra libro

• 

  Twice Told Tales

  Nathaniel Hawthorne

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

  Enter the captivating world of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Twice Told Tales." This collection of short stories takes listeners on a journey through the mysterious and dark corners of the human psyche. Hawthorne's masterful storytelling skillfully weaves together elements of the supernatural, romance, and allegory, creating a rich tapestry of narratives that explore the complexities of human nature. Each tale is beautifully crafted, immersing the listener in atmospheric settings and thought-provoking themes. With its timeless allure and enduring relevance, "Twice Told Tales" invites you to unravel the secrets and delve into the depths of Hawthorne's imaginative storytelling.

  Mostra libro