Altri libri che potrebbero interessarti

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  Battle of Sluys The: The History...

  Editors Charles River

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  Although it ended over 550 years ago, the Hundred Years’ War still looms large in the historical consciousness of England and France, even if the name of the famous war is a misnomer. Actually a series of separate conflicts between the English and French monarchies, interspersed with periods of peace, its historical image is an odd one, in part because its origins were based on royal claims that dated back centuries and the English and French remained adversaries for nearly 400 years after it ended.  
  	That said, the war was transformative in many respects, and the impact it had on the geopolitical situation of Europe cannot be overstated. While some might think of the war as being a continuation of the feudal tradition of knights and peasants, the Hundred Years’ War revolutionized Western European warfare, and it truly helped to usher in the concept of nationalism on the continent. In England, it is remembered as a period of grandeur and success, even though the English lost the war and huge swathes of territory with it, while the French remember it as a strategic victory that ensured the continued independence of France and the denial of English hegemony. The legacy of the war has lived on ever since, helping determine how England became politically severed from the continent, how the knightly chivalric tradition slid into irrelevance, and how battlefield dominance can still leave a nation a loser in war. 
  	At the same time, the English forged a reputation for naval superiority, and one of their first demonstrations came at the Battle of Sluys. The town of Sluys (in Dutch Sluis and in French l’Ecluse) is located on the west coast of the region of Zeelandic Flanders in the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands. It has a population of about 23,000 and is relatively isolated, but its main claim to fame today is being the site of one of the first military encounters of the Hundred Years’ War in 1340.

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  The Feudal System - How Lords...

  Arlo Holders

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  Feudalism was a dominant social, economic, and political system in medieval Europe that shaped the lives of millions from the 9th to the 15th centuries. Rooted in the decline of the Roman Empire, it emerged as a response to the need for local defense, stability, and order. With the fall of centralized authority, particularly in the wake of the collapse of Roman imperial power, local leaders, and warriors filled the vacuum, giving rise to a new hierarchical structure that became the backbone of medieval society. 
  At the heart of feudalism was the relationship between lords and vassals, defined by a system of land ownership and mutual obligations. The land, or fief, was the most valuable asset in the feudal system. Lords, or landowners, granted portions of their land to vassals, typically in exchange for military service, loyalty, and other obligations. In return for this land, vassals swore an oath of fealty to their lord, pledging to serve him in times of war, provide counsel, and honor the lord’s authority. This bond was often formalized through ceremonies that emphasized loyalty and trust, making feudalism not just a legal arrangement but a deeply personal relationship. 
  In addition to the lord-vassal dynamic, serfs and peasants formed the labor force that sustained the feudal economy. While lords and vassals fought battles and governed lands, serfs worked the fields and managed agriculture, which was the primary source of wealth in the medieval world. Unlike slaves, serfs were bound to the land, unable to leave without their lord’s permission. In exchange for protection and the right to work the land, serfs provided a portion of their crops and other goods as rent.

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  Healing Your Inner Child...

  Natalie M. Brooks

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  If You've Always Wanted To Reconnect With Your Inner Child, Break Free From The Chains Of Childhood Trauma And Anxious Attachment, And Finally Start Healing Then Keep Reading… 
  This book contains the exact steps that took me from drowning in the aftermath of childhood trauma and anxious attachment to reclaiming my inner child, setting boundaries, and achieving emotional healing. 
  The biggest difference between those two time periods?  
  The profound healing and transformative methods encapsulated in this audiobook. 
  The problem is—most individuals, grappling with childhood trauma and attachment issues, don't know how to navigate the path to healing and establish healthy boundaries. 
  You see, you deserve to feel whole again, feel loved, and be able to love in a healthy, secure way.  
  Inside you will find:The 7 Essential Ways To Reconnect With Your Inner Child And Heal From Childhood TraumaThe 4 Key Insights To Establishing And Maintaining Healthy Emotional Boundaries5 Coping Mechanisms You Are Likely Utilising To Manage Your Wounds & Function In The World5 Harmful Myths Surrounding Childhood Trauma And Anxious Attachment That You Need To DispelTime And Energy-Saving Techniques With Just One Simple Change In Your LifestyleA Transformative Trick Used By Renowned Therapists To Heal Your Inner ChildThe Biggest Mistake People Make In Their Journey To Healing From Childhood TraumaThe Top 3 Recommended Resources To Support You On Your Path To Emotional Healing And Healthy Relationships 
  And SO Much More!  
  If You Want To Reclaim Your Inner Child, Break Free From The Chains Of Childhood Trauma, And Cultivate Resilient Emotional Boundaries Then Scroll Up And Click "Buy This Book" Today. 

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  Venetian Empire - The Grand...

  Kelly Mass

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  When we think of Venice, we think of masks, canals, murals and frescoes, and little “gondoliers” with picturesque boats. Venice, indeed, has an impressive artistic history. But did you know that Venice was also, for a while, a considerably-sized empire? 
  Although no enduring historic records associate with the creation of Venice, the Republic of Venice's history is typically said to start at 12 a.m. on Friday, March 25th, AD 421, when authorities from Padua established the city to develop a trading center in that area of northern Italy. 
  The creation of the Venetian republic is said to have accompanied the starting of the church of St. James at the exact same time. Still, the church (which is believed to be that of Saint Giacomo di Rialto) dates no earlier than the l lth century, and no after the mid-twelfth century. 
  According to legend, the area's first residents were Hun and Germanic refugees escaping succeeding waves of Hun and Germanic intrusions from the mid-second to mid-fifth centuries, who originated from near Roman cities like Padua, Aquileia, Treviso, Altino, and Concordia (contemporary Concordia Sagittaria), and the undefended countryside. 
  Let’s dive deeper into the history of the Venetian Empire. Let’s find out what made them so unique and successful at what they did.

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  Empire of Purity - The History...

  Eva Payne

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  Between the 1870s and 1930s, American social reformers, working closely with the US government, transformed sexual vice into an international political and humanitarian concern. As these activists worked to eradicate prostitution and trafficking, they promoted sexual self-control for both men and women as a cornerstone of civilization and a basis of American exceptionalism. Empire of Purity traces the history of these efforts, showing how the policing and penalization of sexuality was used to justify American interventions around the world. 
   
   
   
  Eva Payne describes how American reformers successfully pushed for international anti-trafficking agreements that mirrored US laws, calling for states to criminalize prostitution and restrict migration, and harming the very women they claimed to protect. She argues that Americans' ambitions to reshape global sexual morality and law advanced an ideology of racial hierarchy that viewed women of color, immigrants, and sexual minorities as dangerous vectors of disease. 
   
   
   
  Drawing on archives in Europe, the United States, and Latin America, Empire of Purity ties the war on sexual vice to American imperial ambitions and a politicization of sexuality that continues to govern both domestic and international policy today.

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  The Expanding Circle - Ethics...

  Peter Singer

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  What is ethics? Where do moral standards come from? Are they based on emotions, reason, or some innate sense of right and wrong? For many scientists, the key lies entirely in biology—especially in Darwinian theories of evolution and self-preservation. But if evolution is a struggle for survival, why are we still capable of altruism? 
   
   
   
  In his classic study The Expanding Circle, Peter Singer argues that altruism began as a genetically based drive to protect one's kin and community members but has developed into a consciously chosen ethic with an expanding circle of moral concern. Drawing on philosophy and evolutionary psychology, he demonstrates that human ethics cannot be explained by biology alone. Rather, it is our capacity for reasoning that makes moral progress possible. In a new afterword, Singer takes stock of his argument in light of recent research on the evolution of morality.

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